抗震传感器应用中稳健和准确时机的重要性
Posted By:Parker Traweek

基于地震传感器的系统是各种工业应用中的重要工具,包括基础设施故障检测,地震检测和地质勘探。这些仪器在不同的环境中运行,通常在恶劣的条件下。传感器可以连接到结构,放置在地下或水下,在那里它们可以受到运动,冲击,迅速变化的温度和气流。这些地震传感器也可以部署在远程位置,其中卫星参考是不可靠的且准确的时间戳数据至关重要。因此,在系统内使用强大的时序参考是必不可少的,以确保长时间的操作延长的可靠性和精确的时间戳。

不同地区的地震传感和苛刻的动态环境

图1.不同地区的地震传感和苛刻的动态环境

诸如TCXOS(温度补偿振荡器)和OCXOS(烤箱控制振荡器)的精密振荡器,该振荡器旨在提供更好的精度,通常是地震传感器应用选择的定时参考。两种类型的振荡器都可以通过温度补偿电路实现PPB级(百亿分别)稳定性。在OCXO的情况下,添加的加热元件用于增加装置内的环境温度的一致性。所有这些都旨在在快速温度瞬变下保持高水平的稳定性。

Watch video: MEMS timing solutions for seismic sensors

MEMS Super-TCXO针对地震传感器应用进行了优化

新的MEMS技术已启用新一代超级TCXO.that provide OCXO-level performance with temperature stability as low as 50 ppb, ultra-low temperature slope, and operating temperatures up to 105°C, all of which are optimized for seismic sensing. These precision Super-TCXOs are based on a novel architecture consisting of a DualMEMS™ die and a mixed-signal CMOS IC with a proprietary temperature compensation scheme and a low-noise frequency synthesizer.

包括Dualmems的两个硅MEbetway开户官网MS谐振器在单个模具上共同制造在一起。一个谐振器使用Sentime的TempFlat™MEMS技术设计,以实现温度的平坦频率响应。第二谐振器设计成用作极其精确的温度传感器。这两个MEMS热耦合,因为它们位于100范内μ.m of each other, as physically close as possible. Unlike quartz-based TCXOs, there is virtually no lag between the MEMS resonator and the temperature sensor and compensation circuits. The DualMEMS architecture enables instantaneous response to temperature variations, resulting in an extremely flat frequency-temperature slope as shown in Figure 2.

ELITE Platform™Super-TCXO,±1 PPB /°C(DF / DT)可高达105°C,可准确时间戳

图2. Elite Platform™Super-TCXO,具有±1 PPB /°C(DF / DT),可高达105°C,可准确时间戳

基于MEMS的超级TCXO还为极端环境稳健性提供行业领先的冲击和抗振性 - 可以在极端和不受控制的环境中部署的地震传感器的关键因素。震动和振动力会降低性能并导致传统的石英晶振荡器失效。晶体谐振器是悬臂结构,对机械力非常敏感。它们易于从震动中增加相位噪声和抖动。相比之下,MEMS谐振器经betway开户官网历较少的振动,因为它们的质量比石英谐振器低1000至3000。这减少了从振动引起的加速施加到谐振器的力。恒定MEMS谐betway开户官网振器是刚性结构的僵硬结构,在散装模式下振动平面,几何形状是固有的抗振动的。

Maintaining constant timing accuracy in seismic sensor applications is important. When the GNSS satellite reference is not available, the digitally-controlled Super-TCXO will maintain the timing accuracy needed for operation. With I2C digital control and 5 ppt (parts per trillion) of frequency steering resolution, the TCXO creates a timing loop that synchronizes the output frequency to the last GNSS pulse received, as shown in Figure 3. Time stamping sensor data is accurate within 1 to 2 microseconds. Additionally, using一世2C数字来讲ol in the timing loop eliminates the noise associated with voltage control.

地震传感框图

图3。Elite Platform™Super-TCXO I的频率控制环2C频率转向

Additionally, low oscillator aging is critical to seismic sensors which are often deployed in remote locations with inconsistent satellite time reference. Elite Platform precision TCXOs age just 300 ppb在运作的第一年和500 ppbover twenty years, which is eight times better than the rate of aging of quartz oscillators. This enables seismic sensors to maintain high accuracy and strong data integrity over long deployment periods.

与MEMS超级TCXO相比,石英TCXO的振荡器老化

Figure 4. Oscillator aging of quartz TCXOs compared to MEMS Super-TCXOs

地震传感器需要在各种恶劣环境和困难的条件下可靠地运行。MEMS技术本质上是可靠的。Sinime TCXO的MTBF(平均时间)为1,960万小时,比石英设备好大约50倍。这意味着每万次失败的50倍units than quartz oscillators.

MTBF (mean time between failures) for SiTime TCXOs is 1,960 million hours, which is about 30 times better than quartz devices

图5.距离MEMS和石英振荡器的故障(MTBF)之间的平均时间

在设计地震传感器系统时,请考虑MEMS超级TCXO。这些TCXO在温度坡度提供关键稳定性,以便准确时间戳以及超低老化,以确保系统内的时间将保持准确。重要的是选择在最恶劣的环境下提供最高可靠性和执行的定时解决方案。


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相关资源:

Dualmems和涡轮增压温度传感技术

工业应用时序解决方案

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感谢Robin Ash对这篇文章的贡献。

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Sep 30, 2020

2020年8月24日